About 'boulder affordable housing'|ALL-AMERICAN HOMES AND BOULDER, CO JOIN FORCES FOR MAJOR PROJECT

About 'boulder affordable housing'|ALL-AMERICAN HOMES AND BOULDER, CO JOIN FORCES FOR MAJOR PROJECT

Ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               Ｕｒｂａｎ               Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ               (ＨＵＤ)               ｄｅｆｉｎｅｓ               "ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ"               ａｓ               --               (1)               ａｎ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ               ｏｒ               ｆａｍｉｌｙ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ａ               ｆｉｘｅｄ,               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ,               ａｎｄ               ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｎｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅ               ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ;               ａｎｄ               (2)               ａｎ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ               ｏｒ               ｆａｍｉｌｙ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ               ｎｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅ               ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ:               Ａ)               ａ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃｌｙ-               ｏｒ               ｐｒｉｖａｔｅｌｙ-ｒｕｎ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ａｃｃｏｍｍｏｄａｔｉｏｎｓ;               Ｂ)               ａｎ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ               ａ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ               ｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚｅｄ;               ｏｒ               Ｃ)               ａ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｏｒ               ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ               ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ               ａｃｃｏｍｍｏｄａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               (2006). Ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｐｕｔ,               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｒｅｆｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ,               ｓａｆｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ. Ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ               ｖａｒｙ,               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｅｐ-ｓｅａｔｅｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ               ａ               ｎａｔｉｏｎｗｉｄｅ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｔｅｄ               ｅｆｆｏｒｔ               ｔｏ               ｍａｋｅ               ｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ. "Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｓ. Ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｈｏｍｅｓ"               (ＭｃＫｅｃｈｎｉｅ,               2006). Ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇ,               ｍｏｂｉｌｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｈｉｄｄｅｎ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ,               ｎｏｂｏｄｙ               ｋｎｏｗｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙ               ｈｏｗ               ｍａｎｙ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               &               Ｋｅｒｂｏ,               2006). Ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｉｔｓ               ｖｅｒｙ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ               ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ. Ｔｈｅ               Ｃｅｎｓｕｓ               Ｂｕｒｅａｕ               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｄ               228,621               ｉｎ               ａ               ｎａｔｉｏｎｗｉｄｅ               ｔａｌｌｙ,               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｕｎｔ               ｔｈｅｍ               ａｌｌ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ               ｌｏｗ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006). Ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｓ               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｌａｗ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               ｏｎ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ               ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ;               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               "ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               3.5               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ,               1.35               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ,               ａｒｅ               ｌｉｋｅｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｙｅａｒ"               (2006). Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ａｇｅｎｃｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ,               ａｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｇｒｏｗｎ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006). Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｍｏｒｅ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｔｈａｎ               ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｃｉｓｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｅｎｄｉｎｇ               ｉｔ.                Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ａ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ. Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ａｂｏｕｔ               3               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               15               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               (Ｕｎｉｃｅｆ,               1998). Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ               Ａｌｓｔｏｎ,               Ｃｈａｉｒｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＮ               Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ               ｏｎ               Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ,               Ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               1991               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               "[ｏ]ｎ               ａｎｙ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｎｉｇｈｔ,               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｑｕａｒｔｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ;               ｉｎ               Ｔｏｒｏｎｔｏ,               Ｃａｎａｄａ'ｓ               ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ               ｃｉｔｙ,               6,500               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｓｔａｙｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｙ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ               ｎｉｇｈｔ               ｉｎ               ｌａｔｅ               1997,               ａ               ｔｗｏ-ｔｈｉｒｄｓ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｊｕｓｔ               ｏｎｅ               ｙｅａｒ"               (Ｕｎｉｃｅｆ,               1998). Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｇｌｏｂａｌ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ.                Ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ? Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｄｅｍｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓ               ｍａｙ               ｄｅｆｙ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔａｔｉｏｎｓ. Ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｏｆ               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｕｎｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ               ｍｅｎ,               ｂｕｔ               ａｌｓｏ               ａ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ,               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒｓ,               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ,               ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ,               ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｇａｙｓ               ａｎｄ               ｌｅｓｂｉａｎｓ. Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｄｕｌｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｌｉｋｅｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｍａｌｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｆｅｍａｌｅ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               39%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ａｇｅ               ｏｆ               18               ｉｎ               2003. Ｉｎ               2004,               25%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ａｇｅｓ               25               ｔｏ               34               ａｎｄ               6%               ｗｅｒｅ               55               ｔｏ               64               (2006). Ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｍｅｎ               ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄ               ｏｎｌｙ               43%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               (Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               [ＮＣＨ],               2006).                Ａｂｕｓｅｄ               ｗｏｍｅｎ               ｗｈｏ               ｌｉｖｅ               ｉｎ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｃｈｏｏｓｅ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ａｂｕｓｉｖｅ               ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ. Ｉｎ               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｆ               777               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐａｒｅｎｔｓ               (ｍｏｓｔｌｙ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒｓ)               ｉｎ               ｔｅｎ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｃｉｔｉｅｓ,               22%               ｈａｄ               ｌｅｆｔ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ               ｈｏｍｅ               ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ａ               2003               ｓｕｒｖｅｙ               ｏｆ               100               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               10               ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｒｏｕｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               25%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｍｅｎ               ｈａｄ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｌｙ               ａｂｕｓｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｓｔ               ｙｅａｒ. Ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈａｔ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ,               "ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               ｈａｌｆ               ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｗｏｍｅｎ               ａｎｄ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｆｌｅｅｉｎｇ               ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ"               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ.                Ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ａｒｅ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｓｔｅｓｔ               ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ               ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ;               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｈａｓ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｙ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ｄｅｃａｄｅ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｍａｋｅ               ｕｐ               43%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006)               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒｓ,               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ,               ａｎｄ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ               ｇｒｏｕｐ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｒｕｒａｌ               ａｒｅａｓ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｔｈｅ               ｓｈａｒｐｅｓｔ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｗｏｍｅｎ               ａｎｄ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006).                Ｇａｙｓ               ａｎｄ               ｌｅｓｂｉａｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｏｖｅｒｌｏｏｋｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ａｎ               ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｇａｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ               Ｔａｓｋ               Ｆｏｒｃｅ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｒｅｖｅａｌｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ａｎ               ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ,               ｇａｙ,               ｂｉｓｅｘｕａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｄｅｒ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               (Ｒａｙ,               2006). "[Ｔｈｅｉｒ]               ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               20               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               40               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ               ａｓ               ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ,               ｇａｙ,               ｂｉｓｅｘｕａｌ               ｏｒ               ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｄｅｒ               (ＬＧＢＴ). Ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               3               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               5               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｓ               ａｓ               ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ,               ｇａｙ               ｏｒ               ｂｉｓｅｘｕａｌ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ＬＧＢＴ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｔ               ａ               ｄｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎａｔｅ               ｒａｔｅ"               (Ｒａｙ,               2006,               ｐ.9). Ｔｈｉｓ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               500,000               ＬＧＢＴ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ａｔ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｉｎｔｅｒ               ｏｆ               2007               ａｎｄ               2008               (Ｒａｙ,               2006). Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ＬＧＢＴ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ｒｉｓｋｓ               ｏｆ               ｖｉｃｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｅｘｕａｌ               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｐａｒｔｓ. "Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｒｕｎａｗａｙ               Ｓｗｉｔｃｈｂｏａｒｄ,               ＬＧＢＴ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｙｏｕｔｈ               ａｒｅ               ｓｅｖｅｎ               ｔｉｍｅｓ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｌｉｋｅｌｙ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｅｘｕａｌ               ｐｅｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｖｉｃｔｉｍｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｒｉｍｅ"               (Ｒａｙ,               2006,               ｐ.12). Ｔｈｅ               ＬＧＢＴ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ.                Ｉｔ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｅｉｔｈｅｒ               ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｍｅｄ               ｆｏｒｃｅｓ,               ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ,               ｏｒ               ｂｏｔｈ. Ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｏｖｅｒｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ. Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               34%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ａｄｕｌｔ               ｍａｌｅ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｓｅｒｖｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｍｅｄ               ｆｏｒｃｅｓ,               ｗｈｉｌｅ               40%               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｍｅｎ               ａｒｅ               ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2000). Ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               Ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ               ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｏｎ               ａｎｙ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｎｉｇｈｔ,               271,000               ｖｅｔｅｒａｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ               ａｌｓｏ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｈｏｕｓｅ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｆｕｌｌ-ｔｉｍｅ               ｗａｇｅ               ｅａｒｎｅｒｓ;               ｓｕｒｖｅｙｓ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｙｉｅｌｄｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ａｓ               ｈｉｇｈ               ａｓ               26%               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｍａｎｙ               ｃｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ               ｉｓ               ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｅｖｅｎ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｆｉｔ               ｏｎｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｃｒｏｓｓｅｓ               ｍａｎｙ               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｉｅｓ.                Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ. Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ,               ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ,               ｌｏｗ               ｗａｇｅｓ,               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ,               ａｎｄ               ａ               ｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ. "[Ｐ]ｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ               ｆｌａｗｓ,               ｂｕｔ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ               ａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒｅｎｄｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｉｎ               ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ               ｉｍｐｏｖｅｒｉｓｈｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ａ               ｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ"               (Ｔｉｍｍｅｒ,               1994,               ｐ.15). Ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｐｕｔ,               ａ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｉｔ               ｃａｎ               ｎｏ               ｌｏｎｇｅｒ               ａｆｆｏｒｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ. Ｔｏ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ               ｗｈｙ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ-ｓｔｒｉｃｋｅｎ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ,               ｍａｎｙ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ               ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ.                Ａ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｉｎ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｍａｎｙ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ. Ｗｈｅｎ               ａｎ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ               ｏｒ               ａ               ｆａｍｉｌｙ               ｉｓ               ａｌｒｅａｄｙ               ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｐａｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｎｔ,               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｉｓｓｕｅ               ｃａｎ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｌｏｓｔ               ｊｏｂ,               ａ               ｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｓａｖｉｎｇｓ               ｔｏ               ｐａｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               ｃａｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ａｎ               ｅｖｅｎｔｕａｌ               ｅｖｉｃｔｉｏｎ. Ｉｎ               2004,               15.7%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕ.Ｓ. ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ--ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               45.8               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ--ｈａｄ               ｎｏ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ａ               ｔｈｉｒｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｈａｄ               ｎｏ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ａｎｙ               ｋｉｎｄ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ａ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ               ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａｎ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｏｒ               ｉｎｊｕｒｙ               ｃａｎ               ｅａｓｉｌｙ               ｓｔａｒｔ               ａ               ｄｏｗｎｗａｒｄ               ｓｐｉｒａｌ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ.                Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｉｌｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｎｅｔａｒｙ               ａｍｏｕｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ. Ｔｈｅ               Ａｉｄ               ｔｏ               Ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               Ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               (ＡＦＤＣ)               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ               ｃａｓｈ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｏｏｒ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｕｎｔｉｌ               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｒｅｐｅａｌｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ａｕｇｕｓｔ               ｏｆ               1996               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｂｌｏｃｋ               ｇｒａｎｔ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               Ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｔｏ               Ｎｅｅｄｙ               Ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               (ＴＡＮＦ)               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙ,               Ｆｏｏｄ               Ｓｔａｍｐｓ               ａｎｄ               ＴＡＮＦ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ               ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ               ａｒｅ               ｗｅｌｌ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｌｅｖｅｌ               ｉｎ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｓｔａｔｅ. Ｆｏｒ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,               ｆｏｒ               ａ               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｐａｒｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｗｏ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ               ＴＡＮＦ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｌｙ               29%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｌｅｖｅｌ               (Ｎｉｃｋｅｌｓｏｎ,               2004). Ｗｅｌｆａｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｅｎｏｕｇｈ               ｔｏ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｒｉｓｅ               ａｂｏｖｅ               ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ.                Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎｔｒｉｎｓｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｉｎｔｅｒｔｗｉｎｅｄ. Ｌｏｗ               ｗａｇｅｓ,               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｂｙ               ｍａｋｉｎｇ               ｉｔ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｍａｎｙ               ｌｏｗ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｏ               ａｆｆｏｒｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ. Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｎｏｔ               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｏｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｐａｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ,               ｃｈｉｌｄｃａｒｅ,               ｆｏｏｄ,               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ;               ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｃｏｖｅｒ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｓ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｆｏｒｃｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｍａｋｅ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ. Ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｔａｋｅｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓｉｔｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｇｅｔｓ               ｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｄ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ,               "ｄｅｃｌｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗａｇｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｐｕｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｒｅａｃｈ               ｆｏｒ               ｍａｎｙ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ:               ｉｎ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｓｔａｔｅ,               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ               ｗａｇｅ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｆｆｏｒｄ               ａ               ｏｎｅ-               ｏｒ               ｔｗｏ-ｂｅｄｒｏｏｍ               ａｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ａｔ               Ｆａｉｒ               Ｍａｒｋｅｔ               Ｒｅｎｔ"               (2006). Ｏｎ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ,               ｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ-ｗａｇｅ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｋ               ａｔ               ｌｅａｓｔ               89               ｈｏｕｒｓ               ｗｅｅｋｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ａｆｆｏｒｄ               ａ               ｔｗｏ-ｂｅｄｒｏｏｍ               ａｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ａｔ               30%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ-ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ,               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｌｅａｖｅｓ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ,               ｓｉｎｃｅ               "ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｐｏｏｒ               ｍｅａｎｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｎ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ａｎ               ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ,               ｏｒ               ａ               ｐａｙｃｈｅｃｋ               ａｗａｙ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔｓ"               (ＮＣＨ,               2006).                Ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｄｒａｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ａｍｏｕｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｎｅｙ               ｓｐｅｎｔ               ｏｎ               ｓｕｂｓｉｄｉｚｅｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｓｔ               ｔｈｉｒｔｙ               ｙｅａｒｓ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｈａｓ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ               ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006). Ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄ               ｌｏｗ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｓｕｒｐａｓｓｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｐｐｌｙ               ｂｙ               ｆａｒ;               ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ,               ｏｎｌｙ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｏｎｅ-ｔｈｉｒｄ               ｏｆ               ｌｏｗ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ               ａｎｙ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｓｕｂｓｉｄｉｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｔｗｏ-ｔｈｉｒｄｓ               ｇｏ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｉｎ               ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔａｂｌｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｃｏｎｔｅｎｄｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ:                "[Ｉ]ｔ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｎｏｔｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｎｔｉｔｌｅｍｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｄｕｃｔ               ｍｏｒｔｇａｇｅ               ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔａｘ               ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ. Ｉｎ               ｆａｃｔ,               ｆｏｒ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｏｎｅ               ｄｏｌｌａｒ               ｓｐｅｎｔ               ｏｎ               ｌｏｗ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ,               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｔｒｅａｓｕｒｙ               ｌｏｓｅｓ               ｆｏｕｒ               ｄｏｌｌａｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ-ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ               ｔａｘ               ｅｘｐｅｎｄｉｔｕｒｅｓ,               75%               ｏｆ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｏｐ               ｆｉｆｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ. Ｉｎ               2003,               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｓｐｅｎｔ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｔｗｉｃｅ               ａｓ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｉｎ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ-ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ               ｔａｘ               ｅｘｐｅｎｄｉｔｕｒｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｏｐ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｑｕｉｎｔｉｌｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｏｎ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｓｕｂｓｉｄｉｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｏｗｅｓｔ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ. Ｔｈｕｓ,               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｈａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｌｏｗ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ,               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｄｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎａｔｅｌｙ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｅａｌｔｈｉｅｓｔ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ"               (2006).                Ｉｎ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ,               ｆｏｒｍｅｒ               ｗｅｌｆａｒｅ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ａｐｐｅａｒ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ,               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｓｕｂｓｉｄｉｚｅｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｉｓ               ｓｏ               ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｐｒｉｃｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｓｏ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｔｈａｔ               "ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｉｓ               ｒａｒｅｌｙ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｌｅａｖｉｎｇ               ｗｅｌｆａｒｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｏｗ               ｗａｇｅｓ"               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ａｎｄ               Ｋｅｒｂｏ               ａｓｓｅｒｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               "ｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌ               ｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅ"               ｏｆ               ｌｏｗ-ｃｏｓｔ               ｒｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｏｗ-ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｂｅ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｏｗｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｏｗｎ               ｈｏｍｅ               (2006). Ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｕｎｉｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｌｏｗ-ｃｏｓｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ               ｏｒ               ｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｄ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ;               ｏｖｅｒ               ａ               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               'ｆｌｏｐｈｏｕｓｅ'               ｒｏｏｍｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｄｅｍｏｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               1970               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006). Ｉｎ               ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ,               "ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｃｏｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｈａｓ               ｇｒｏｗｎ               ｔｗｉｃｅ               ａｓ               ｆａｓｔ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｎｔｅｒｓ"               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006,               ｐ. 413). Ｔｈｕｓ,               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ,               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｐｐｌｙ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｓｈｒｉｎｋｉｎｇ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ.,               2006).                Ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ,               ｍａｎｙ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｃｃｏｍｍｏｄａｔｅ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅ               ｗａｉｔｉｎｇ               ｌｉｓｔｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ               ａｔ               ａ               ｔｉｍｅ,               ｓｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ'               ｃａｐａｃｉｔｉｅｓ. Ｆｏｒ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｉｄ-1990ｓ               ｓｔａｙｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ａｎ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｆｉｖｅ               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ               ｂｅｆｏｒｅ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｍｏｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               (ＮＣＨ,               2006). Ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｆ               24               ｃｉｔｉｅｓ,               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｎ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｖｅｎ               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ,               ａｎｄ               87%               ｏｆ               ｃｉｔｉｅｓ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｅｎｇｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ. Ｌｏｎｇｅｒ               ｓｔａｙｓ               ｉｎ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ               ｃａｎ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｉｎ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ｓｐａｃｅ               ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ,               ｗｈｏ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｌｉｖｅ               ｉｎ               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｒ               ｌｉｖｅ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔｓ.                Ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｆａｃｅｓ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｏｆ               ｍａｎｙ               ｈａｚａｒｄｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｈｏｕｓｅｄ               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｐａｒｔｓ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｄａｎｇｅｒｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ,               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｆｏｏｄ,               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｖｉｃｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ. Ａｕｔｈｏｒｓ               Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ               ａｎｄ               Ｋｅｒｂｏ               ｐｏｉｎｔ               ｏｕｔ               ｔｈａｔ               "[ｌ]ａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ               ｈａｒｄｓｈｉｐ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｆａｃｅ"               (2006,               ｐ. 199)               Ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ               ｅｎｏｕｇｈ               ｆｏｏｄ               ｔｏ               ｅａｔ               ｉｓ               ａｌｓｏ               ａ               ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎ,               ａｎｄ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｓｐｅｎｄ               ｓｏ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔｓ,               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｅａｓｙ               ｔａｒｇｅｔｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｎｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｓ               (Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ,               2006).                Ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｒａｔｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｖｉｃｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｄｏ               ｈｏｕｓｅｄ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ. Ｉｎ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ,               2007,               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄ               ａ               105-ｐａｇｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｉｔｌｅｄ               Ｈａｔｅ,               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｄｅａｔｈ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｉｎ               Ｓｔｒｅｅｔ               ＵＳＡ:               Ａ               Ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｏｎ               Ｈａｔｅ               Ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ               Ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               2006               ｗｈｉｃｈｄｅｔａｉｌｓ               ｔｈｅ               142               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ-ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｂｅａｔｉｎｇｓ,               ｓｔａｂｂｉｎｇｓ,               ｂｕｒｎｉｎｇｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｒａｐｅ--ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ｙｅａｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               ＮＣＨ'ｓ               ａｎｎｕａｌ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｂｅｇａｎ               ｉｎ               1999               (2007). Ｔｈｉｓ               ｐａｓｔ               ｙｅａｒ'ｓ               ａｔｔａｃｋｓ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               20               ｆａｔａｌｉｔｉｅｓ. Ａｔｔａｃｋｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               65%               ｆｒｏｍ               ｌａｓｔ               ｙｅａｒ,               ａｎｄ               ｏｖｅｒ               170%               ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｆｉｖｅ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ａｇｏ. (Ｈａｔｅ,               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｄｅａｔｈ               [ＨＶ&Ｄ],               2007). Ｔｈｉｓ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｓｔｒｉｖｅｓ               ｔｏ               "ｅｄｕｃａｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｈｕｍａｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ｆａｃｉｎｇ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ'ｓ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ"               ａｎｄ               ｈａｓ               ｐｌａｙｅｄ               ａ               ｒｏｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ               ｌａｗｓ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐａｓｓｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ｍａｉｎｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉｎｇ               ｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ               ｌｅｇｉｓｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ,               Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ,               Ｍａｒｙｌａｎｄ,               Ｍａｓｓａｃｈｕｓｅｔｔｓ,               Ｎｅｖａｄａ               ａｎｄ               Ｔｅｘａｓ               (ＨＶ&Ｄ,               2007). Ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               1999               ａｎｄ               2005,               82               ｈｏｍｉｃｉｄｅｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄ               ａｓ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｆ               Ｈａｔｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｅｘｔｒｅｍｉｓｍ               ａｔ               Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ               Ｓａｎ               Ｂｅｒｎａｒｄｉｎｏ. Ｈａｔｅ,               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｄｅａｔｈ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｉｎ               Ｓｔｒｅｅｔ               ＵＳＡ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｗｅｒｅ               169               ｄｅａｔｈｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｏｆ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ａｃｔｓ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｄ               ａｔ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ--ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｗｉｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｄｅａｔｈｓ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｃａｔｅｇｏｒｉｚｅｄ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ."               (2007). Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ               Ｓｔｏｏｐｅｓ,               Ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅ               Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               (ＮＣＨ)               ａｓｓｅｒｔｓ,               "Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ＮＣＨ'ｓ               ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ａｃｔｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ. Ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ               ａｓ               ｈａｔｅ               ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ,               ｒａｃｉａｌ,               ｏｒ               ｅｔｈｎｉｃ               ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ"               (ＨＶ&Ｄ,               2007). Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ,               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ               ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ａｔｔａｃｋｓ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｖｅ               ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ               ｌｅｖｅｌ               ｉｎ               ｙｅａｒｓ.                Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ. Ｆｏｒ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,               ａ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｍａｙ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ               ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｇｏｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｋ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｉｎ               ｌｏｓｔ               ｉｎｃｏｍｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｕｎａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ａｆｆｏｒｄ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ. Ｏｎｃｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ,               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｃａｎ               ｍａｋｅ               ｉｔ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｏｒ               ｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｈｙｇｉｅｎｅ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｃａｎ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ａｎｄ               ｗｏｒｓｅｎ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ. Ａ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｏｆ               ｐａｒａｓｉｔｅｓ,               ｆｒｏｓｔｂｉｔｅ,               ｕｌｃｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｏｆ               ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ               ｔｒａｕｍａ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｍｕｇｇｉｎｇｓ,               ｂｅａｔｉｎｇｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｒａｐｅ               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). Ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｕｆｆｅｒ               ｔｗｉｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｒａｔｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               (41%)               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               (23%),               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｔｉｍｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｒａｔｅ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ               ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉｔｉｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｍｐｈｙｓｅｍａ               (22.7%)               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). Ｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｓｕｆｆｅｒ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｙｐｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｏｎｇｅｒ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｈａｒｍｆｕｌ               ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ               ｔｈａｎ               ｈｏｕｓｅｄ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙ               ｉｓ               ａｌｓｏ               ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ;               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｔｏ               ｍａｎａｇｅ               ｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ,               ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｉｓ,               ＨＩＶ,               ｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ,               ｍａｌｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ,               ｓｅｖｅｒｅ               ｄｅｎｔａｌ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ,               ａｄｄｉｃｔｉｖｅ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓ,               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). Ｉｎ               ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ,               "                               Ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙ               ｒａｔｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｄｉｅ               ａｔ               ｙｏｕｎｇｅｒ               ａｇｅｓ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ;               ｉｎ               1997               ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｗａｓ               43.3               ｙｅａｒｓ,               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｗａｓ               72.6               ｙｅａｒｓ               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). Ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｌｉｆｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ,               ｃｒｏｗｄｅｄ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｃａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｐｒｅａｄ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｂｌｅ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ               ｌｉｋｅ               ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｉｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａ,               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ｈｉｇｈ               ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ,               ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ               ａｂｕｓｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). Ｓｏｃｉｏｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ               ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ               ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｖａｌｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｐｏｏｒ               ｄｉｅｔ,               ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ               ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ,               ｃｏｎｔａｇｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｏｖｅｒｃｒｏｗｄｅｄ               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ,               ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｄａｉｌｙ               ｈｙｇｉｅｎｅ,               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ,               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎ,               ａｎｄ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006). "Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ               ｂｅｌｉｅｆ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ               ｔｅｒｍｓ-ｔｈａｔ               ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｍａｙ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｈａｓｔｅｎｅｄ               ｓｐｒｅａｄ               ｏｆ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,               ｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ"               (Ｄｏａｋ,               2006).                Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ               ｓｅｔ               ｏｆ               ｅｖｅｎｔｓ,               ｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ               ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｆｏｒｃｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｃｈｏｏｓｅ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ,               ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ,               ｆｏｏｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｂａｓｉｃ               ｎｅｅｄｓ. Ｔｏ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅ               ｏｒ               ｅｎｄ               ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ,               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｍａｋｅ               ａ               ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔ               ｔｏ               ｅｎｓｕｒｅ               ｎａｔｉｏｎｗｉｄｅ               ａｃｃｅｓｓ               ｔｏ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ,               ｊｏｂｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｐａｙ               ａ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｗａｇｅ,               ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｕｎａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｋ,               ａｎｄ               ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ. Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓｍａｎ               Ｄｅｎｎｉｓ               Ｋｕｃｉｎｉｃｈ               ａｐｔｌｙ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ,               "Ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｗｅａｐｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｍａｓｓ               ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｈｅｒｅ               ａｔ               ｈｏｍｅ. Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｗｅａｐｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍａｓｓ               ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ. Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｗｅａｐｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍａｓｓ               ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ. Ｕｎｅｍｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｗｅａｐｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍａｓｓ               ｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ"               (2007).                Ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ                Ｃｏｌｅｍａｎ,               Ｊ. &               Ｋｅｒｂｏ,               Ｈ. (2006). Ｓｏｃｉａｌ               Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               (9ｔｈ               ｅｄ.). Ｕｐｐｅｒ               Ｓａｄｄｌｅ               Ｒｉｖｅｒ:                Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ               Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ,               Ｉｎｃ.                Ｄｏａｋ,               Ｍ. (2006). Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ:               Ｈｏｗ               Ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｉｔ               Ｈａｐｐｅｎ               Ｈｅｒｅ? Ｆａｒｍｉｎｇｔｏｎ               Ｈｉｌｌｓ:                Ｔｈｏｍａｓ               Ｇａｌｅ.                Ｆｅｌｄｍａｎ,               Ｌ. (2004). Ｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ               Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               Ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ. Ｉｔｈｉｃａ:               Ｃｏｒｎｅｌｌ               Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ.                Ｈａｔｅ,               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｄｅａｔｈ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｉｎ               Ｓｔｒｅｅｔ               ＵＳＡ:               Ａ               Ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｏｎ               Ｈａｔｅ               Ｃｒｉｍｅｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ                Ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               2006               (2007,               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               12,               2007               ｆｒｏｍ                ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ.ｏｒｇ/ｇｅｔｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ/ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ/ｈａｔｅｃｒｉｍｅｓ/2006ｒｅｐｏｒｔ_2.ｐｄｆ                Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚｅｄ               Ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ:               Ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ:               Ｈａｒｄｓｈｉｐ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｍｉｄｓｔ               ｏｆ               Ｐｌｅｎｔｙ. (1998).                Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               1,               2007,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｕｎｉｃｅｆ.ｏｒｇ/ｐｏｎ98/ｉｎｄｕｓｔ1.ｈｔｍ                ＭｃＫｅｃｈｎｉｅ,               Ｓ. (2006). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               7,               2007               ｆｒｏｍ                ｈｔｔｐ://ｔｈｉｎｋｅｘｉｓｔ.ｃｏｍ/ｑｕｏｔｅｓ/ｓｈｅｉｌａ_ｍｃｋｅｃｈｎｉｅ/                Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               Ｆａｃｔ               Ｓｈｅｅｔ               #1. (2006,               Ｊｕｎｅ). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               23,                2006,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ.ｏｒｇ/ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ/ｆａｃｔｓ/Ｗｈｙ.ｐｄｆ                Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               Ｆａｃｔ               Ｓｈｅｅｔ               #2. (2006,               Ｊｕｎｅ). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               23,                2006,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ.ｏｒｇ/ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ/ｆａｃｔｓ/Ｈｏｗ_Ｍａｎｙ.ｐｄｆ                Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ               Ｆａｃｔ               Ｓｈｅｅｔ               #3. (2006,               Ｊｕｎｅ). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               23,                2006,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ.ｏｒｇ/ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ/ｆａｃｔｓ/Ｗｈｏｉｓ.ｐｄｆ                Ｎｉｃｋｅｌｓｏｎ,               Ｉｄａｒａ. "Ｔｈｅ               Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔ               Ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               Ｕｓｅ               Ｉｔｓ               Ｕｐｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ＴＡＮＦ               Ｂｏｎｕｓ               Ｔｏ               Ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               Ｃａｓｈ                Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｒｅｍｏｖｅ               Ｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               Ｗｏｒｋ",               2004. Ｄ.Ｃ. Ｆｉｓｃａｌ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ.                Ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ａｔ               ｗｗｗ.ｄｃｆｐｉ.ｏｒｇ.                Ｒａｙ,               Ｎ. (2006). Ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ,               ｇａｙ,               ｂｉｓｅｘｕａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｄｅｒ               ｙｏｕｔｈ:               Ａｎ               ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ               ｏｆ                ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ. Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ:               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｇａｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｌｅｓｂｉａｎ               Ｔａｓｋ               Ｆｏｒｃｅ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ                ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｏａｌｉｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ.                Ｔｉｍｍｅｒ,               Ｄ. Ａ.,               Ｅｉｔｚｅｎ,               Ｄ. Ｓ.,               &               Ｔａｌｌｅｙ,               Ｋ.Ｄ. (1994). Ｐａｔｈｓ               ｔｏ               Ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ:               Ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ                Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｒｂａｎ               Ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               Ｃｒｉｓｉｓ. Ｂｏｕｌｄｅｒ:               Ｗｅｓｔｖｉｅｗ               Ｐｒｅｓｓ,               Ｉｎｃ.                Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               Ｕｒｂａｎ               Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ. (2006,               Ｏｃｔｏｂｅｒ). Ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               7,               2007               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｈｕｄ.ｇｏｖ/ｈｏｍｅｌｅｓｓ/ｉｎｄｅｘ.ｃｆｍ

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